What class of medications includes injectables that lower glucose levels?

The class of medications known as GLP-1 receptor agonists includes injectable agents specifically designed to lower glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These medications mimic the action of the glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone that enhances insulin secretion in response to meals, inhibits glucagon release, and slows gastric emptying. This results in improved blood sugar control and a potential reduction in appetite, which can support weight loss.

In contrast, biguanides, like metformin, are typically taken orally and work mainly by decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in muscle cells. Sulfonylureas, also oral medications, stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin regardless of food intake. Thiazolidinediones improve insulin sensitivity but are also taken orally and do not directly act as injectables for glucose regulation. Thus, GLP-1 receptor agonists stand out as the unique injectable option specifically aimed at lowering blood glucose levels, with multiple mechanisms of action that contribute to their effectiveness.